python - what is the exact problem.Can anyone explain please

Question

import subprocess
interface = 'wlan0'
address = '00:11:22:33:44:66'

subprocess.call('ifconfig' + interface + 'down', shell=True)
subprocess.call('ifconfig' + interface + 'hw ether' + address, shell=True)
subprocess.call('ifconfig' + interface + 'up', shell=True)

Output:

Answer 1

'ifconfig' + interface + 'down'

Is not spaced and will produce a single long word ifconfigwlan0down instead of the desired ifconfig wlan0 down

you have two aproaches to fix this: Either add spaces 'ifconfig ' + interface + ' down'

Or the more correct solution is to separate your parameters into a list as that is what the subprocess module expects:

subprocess.call(['ifconfig', interface, 'down'], shell=True)
subprocess.call(['ifconfig', interface, 'hw', 'ether', address], shell=True)
subprocess.call(['ifconfig', interface, 'up'], shell=True)